中考物理基础常识（四）:力、领路和力

Basic Physics Knowledge for the Senior High School Entrance Examination (Part Four): Force， Motion and Force

李宏 湖北省十堰市郧阳中学

Li Hong Yunyang High School， Shiyan City， Hubei Province

第七章 力-[中考物理基础常识]

Chapter 7: Force [Basic Knowledge of Physics for the High School Entrance Exam]

45．力的作用效力：

Effects of force:

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（1）力不错更正物体的领路现象；

Force can change the state of motion of an object;

（2）力不错使物体发生形变。

Force can cause deformation in an object.

46．力的三要素：力的大小、标的、作用点。

Three elements of force: magnitude， direction， and point of application.

47．力是物体对物体的作用，物体间力的作用是互相的。

Force is an interaction between objects; the action of force between objects is mutual.

48．弹簧测力计的制作旨趣：在弹性适度内，弹簧的伸长量与所受的拉力成正比。

Principle of spring dynamometer:Within the elastic limit， the elongation of a spring is directly proportional to the applied pulling force.

49．重力：G＝mg（重力的标的：竖直向下）。物体所受的重力跟它的质料成正比。

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Gravity:G=mg (Gravitational direction: vertically downward).The gravitational force acting on an object is directly proportional to its mass.

第八章领路和力-[中考物理基础常识]

Chapter 8: Motion and Forces - [Basic Physics Knowledge for High School Entrance Examination]

50．牛顿第一定律：一切物体在莫得受到力的作用时，开云体育官方网站总保握静止现象或匀速直线领路现象。

Newton's First Law:An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by a force.

51．二力均衡的条目：

Conditions for Equilibrium of Two Forces:

（1）作用在消亡个物体上；

They act on the same object;

（2）大小越过；

They are equal in magnitude;

（3）标的相背；

They act in opposite directions;

（4）在消亡条直线上。

They lie along the same straight line.

52．均衡现象：

States of Equilibrium:

（1）静止At rest;

（2）匀速直线领路。处于均衡现象的物体，一定受到均衡力的作用，且物体所受的协力一定为0 N。

Uniform motion in a straight line.An object in a state of equilibrium must be acted upon by balanced forces， and the net force on the object must be 0 N.

53．影响摩擦力大小的成分：

Factors Affecting Friction:

（1）压力大小Magnitude of the normal force;

（2）往来面的浮浅进度Roughness of the contact surfaces.

Explorer of Innovative Thinking

Author: Li Hong

Yunyang High School， Shiyan City， Hubei Province

February 4， 2026

发布于：湖北省